PART # 1

Python Operators:

Operators are used to perform operations on variables and values.

Example: In the example below, we use the + operator to add together two values. Here:

• '+' is the operator.

• 5 and 2 are operant.

• 5+2 are operations.

print(10 + 5)

Python divides the operators in the following groups:

• Arithmetic operators

• Assignment operators

• Comparison operators

• Logical operators

• Identity operators

• Membership operators

• Bitwise operators

Arithmetic Operators:

The arithmetic operators perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, exponentiation, and modulus operations.

Example:

print(2 + 7, "Addition")
print(7 - 2, "Subtraction")
print(7 * 2, "Multiplication")
print(7 / 2, "Division")
print(11 % 3, "Modulus") #modulus is the remainder in division
print(2 ** 2, "Exponent")
print(7 // 2, "Floor division") #it only tells value before point.

Output:

9 Addition
5 Subtraction
14 Multiplication
3.5 Division
2 Modulus
4 Exponent
3 Floor division

Assignment Operators:

Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables.

Example:

• Equal To (=):

x = 5    #equal to
print("Result of = opeartor is:",x) #output=5

• Plus Equal To (+=):

x = 5 
x += 3   #5+3= 8
print("Result of += opeartor is:", x)  #ouput=8

• Minus Equal To (-=):

x = 5 
x -= 3   #5-3=2
print("Result of -= opeartor is:", x) #ouput=2

• Multiply Equal To (*=):

x = 5 
x *= 3   #5*3=15
print("Result of *= opeartor is:", x) #output=15

• Divide Equal To (/=):

x = 5
x /= 3  #5/3=1.6666666666666667
print("Result of /= opeartor is:",x)  #output=1.6666666666666667

• Modulus Equal To (%=):

x = 5
x%=3 #5/3 = 1.66 => remainder=2
print("Result of %= opeartor is:", x)  #output=2

• Floor Division Equal To ( //= ):

x = 5
x//=3 #5/3=1.666 => approximately=1
print("Result of //= opeartor is:", x) #output=1

• Exponential Equal To (**=):

x = 5
x **= 3  #5*5*5 =125
print("Result of **= opeartor is:", x) #output=125

• End Equal To (&=):

x = 5
x &= 3 # & perform bitwise operation
print("Result of &= opeartor is:", x)  #output=1

• Vertical bar Equal To ( |= ):

x = 5    #value of 5 in binary = 101
x |= 3   #value of 5 in binary = 011
#OR operation b/w 101 and 011 = 111 => that is equal to 7 in binary
print("Result of |= opeartor is:", x)  #output=7

In this case, x is initially assigned the value of 5. When x ^= 3 is executed, the binary representation of x is 101, and the binary representation of 3 is 011. The XOR operation between these two binary numbers results in 110, which is equal to decimal value 6. Therefore, after executing the expression, the value of x becomes 6.

• Cap Equal To (^=):

x = 5  #value of 5 in binary = 101
x ^= 3 #value of 5 in binary = 011
#XOR operation b/w 101 and 011 = 110 => that is equal to 6 in binary
print("Result of ^= opeartor is:", x)  #ouput=6

In this case, x is initially assigned the value of 5. When x |= 3 is executed, the binary representation of x is 101, and the binary representation of 3 is 011. The OR operation between these two binary numbers results in 111, which is equal to decimal value 7. Therefore, after executing the expression, the value of x becomes 7.

• Greater than Equal To (>>=):

x = 5  #value of 5 in binary = 101
x >>= 3 #right shift operation by 3 places =000 => equal to 0 in binary
print("Result of >>= opeartor is:", x)  #output = 0

In this case, x is initially assigned the value of 5. When x >>= 3 is executed, the binary representation of x is 101, and the right shift operation by 3 places results in 000, which is equal to decimal value 0. Therefore, after executing the expression, the value of x becomes 0.

• Less than Equal To (<<=):

x = 5  #value of 5 in binary = 101
x <<= 3  #left shift operation by 3 places =101000 => equal to 40 in binary
print("Result of <<= opeartor is:", x)

In this case, x is initially assigned the value of 5. When x <<= 3 is executed, the binary representation of x is 101, and the left shift operation by 3 places results in 101000, which is equal to decimal value 40. Therefore, after executing the expression, the value of x becomes 40.

Note: Above names are given by me, for better understanding.. these are not official names

Comparison Operators:

Comparison operators are used to compare two values. It tells whether the statement is True or False.

• Equal (=):

a = 7
b = 9
print(a == b) # returns False => because 7 is not equal to 9

x = 7
y = 7
print(x == y) # returns True => because 7 is equal to 9

• Not equal (!=):

a = 5
b = 3
print(a != b) # returns True => because 5 is not equal to 3

x = 5
y = 5
print(x != y) # returns False => because 5 is equal to 5

• Greater than (>):

a = 7  
b = 9
print(a > b)   # returns False => because 7 is not greater than 9

x = 9
y = 7
print(x > y)   # returns True => because 9 is greater than 7

• Less than (<):

a = 7  
b = 9
print(a < b)   # returns True => because 7 is not greater than 9

x = 9
y = 7
print(x < y)   # returns False => because 9 is greater than 7

• Greater than or equal to (>=):

a = 10
b = 9
print(a >= b) # returns True => because 10 is greater than 9

x = 10
y = 10
print(x >= y) # returns True => because 10 is equal to 10

• Less than or equal to (<=):

a = 9
b = 9
print(a <= b)  # returns True => because 9 is equal to 9

x = 9
y = 10
print(x <= y) # returns True => because 9 is less than 10

To Be Continued..

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